company news about What Are the 4 Types of Forging?

Forging is one of the oldest and most reliable metalworking processes in human history—and it remains at the core of modern manufacturing. From aircraft engines to automotive parts and heavy machinery, forged components are known for their strength, durability, and superior mechanical properties.

But did you know there are four main types of forging? Each method has its own advantages, applications, and tooling requirements. In this article, we break down the 4 primary types of forging used across industries today.

1. Open-Die Forging (Free Forging)

Also known as: Free forging

Open-die forging involves deforming a heated metal billet between flat or simple-shaped dies that do not enclose the material. The operator—or automated system—manipulates the metal to achieve the desired shape through a series of hammering or pressing movements.

Best for:

• Large custom components

• Low-volume production

• Parts like shafts, rings, and cylinders

Advantages:

• Excellent grain structure

• Minimal tooling cost

• Flexibility in size and shape

2. Closed-Die Forging (Impression-Die Forging)

In closed-die forging, the heated metal is placed in a die resembling the final shape of the part. When compressed, the metal flows and fills the die cavities, forming a precise, near-net-shape part.

Best for:

• High-volume production

• Precision components

• Automotive and aerospace parts

Advantages:

• High dimensional accuracy

• Better surface finish

• Consistent repeatability

Note: This method requires more complex tooling and higher setup costs.

3. Cold Forging

Unlike hot forging, cold forging is done at or near room temperature. It relies on high-pressure machines to deform the metal into the desired shape, usually without any heating.

Best for:

• Small, high-volume parts

• Fasteners, bolts, screws, and pins

Advantages:

• Excellent surface finish

• Improved strength through strain hardening

• Lower energy consumption (no heating)

4. Seamless Rolled Ring Forging

This specialized process starts with a pierced metal billet that is then rolled into a ring using heat and pressure. The result is a strong, seamless ring with excellent grain flow, often used in high-stress environments.

Best for:

• Aerospace bearings

• Wind turbine rings

• Pressure vessel components

Advantages:

• Exceptional strength

• Reduced material waste

• Ideal for high-performance applications

Summary Table

Conclusion

Understanding the four main types of forging—open-die, closed-die, cold forging, and rolled ring forging—is essential for selecting the right manufacturing process. Each method offers unique advantages in terms of cost, strength, precision, and scalability. As industries push for stronger, lighter, and more reliable components, forging continues to evolve with modern machinery and digital controls, making it a crucial part of the future of manufacturing.